With an x-ray beam inclination of 37°, caudal to the orbitomeatal line, we obtain a semiaxial Waters projection, which shows paranasal cavities and structures of the zygomaticomaxillar complex. Modification of a PA projection by Caldwell with an x-ray beam inclination of 15°–23°, caudal to the orbitomeatal line, provides a clearer view of the os petrosum. A lateral projection shows the configuration of the skull and the skull base. A PA projection is centred by orbitomeatal lines and provides anatomical information about the skull and frontal structures. The baseline projections are posteroanterior (PA) and lateral x-ray projections of the skull. In the past, conventional non-invasive x-ray examination (radiography of the head) was the basic diagnostic method in neuroradiology. The importance of radiology imaging techniques, and their role, in the diagnosis of brain tumours are listed in Tables 1 and 2.Ģ.1. These techniques, and the contrast medium in particular, provide anatomical and structural information about brain tumours, and information about the physiology, metabolism, and haemodynamics of individual tumours. These techniques also play a significant role in monitoring the effect of the therapy.ĭiagnosis of tumours has improved considerably due to the introduction of new imaging CT and MRI techniques. New, advanced imaging CT and MRI techniques provide more detailed characteristics of brain tumours, and thus, more choices of appropriate therapeutic management of the patient. It is important to distinguish tumoural from non-tumoural lesions, and to determine their spatial location. An x-ray of the skull may detect changes that can lead to suspicion of a tumour in the intracranial space and subsequent examination using CT or MRI. Two modalities that play a crucial role in the evaluation of brain tumours in preoperative time to detach are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ĭespite the new digital radiological techniques, which are used widely in clinical practice, imaging methods such as CT and MRI eliminate x-ray from the examination algorithm of brain tumours. The development of radiological imaging techniques for the evaluation of brain tumours has progressed significantly in recent years.
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